Introduction
This is a working repository of Achaean origins for certain foods. It is probably going to be rigorously debated, but the basic minimum for an entry would be:
- A credible point of origin (i.e. Actar is known for its goats not sheep, it's more likely to produce a goat cheese as a regional specialty)
- A basic description of the flavour/smell/appearance/consistency when cooked/uncooked
- Appended note if there is a real world equivalent
Completed and approved entries will be entered into the guild's manuscript in Delos for IG reference.
Something to remember, per Sarapis' note on forum post: "I also want to point out that this isn't black and white, even though approvals are by necessity black and white. There's a spectrum, and it's an immensely subtle and wide spectrum. There are no bright, clear, simple lines to be drawn and so it's completely inevitable, especially with something where we can't spend much time on it, that there'll be inconsistencies, both real and perceived. We work to minimize those of course but we'll never be able to get rid of them. It's just too broad a subject matter."
Cooking Styles
A list of worldly cooking styles and their Achaean equivalents.
| Cooking Term | Suggested Achaean Equivalent | Notes |
| Baghaar | fried in oil and spices | a frying technique where cooking oil is heated and spices, minced ginger, or sugar are added, with the oil serving as a garnish after cooking |
| Brochette | grilled and/or served on a skewer, as in for dipping in a sauce | A French term meaning food grilled and then served on skewers, especially when the skewer is used to dip pieces of food in a fondue. |
| Dum pukht | cooked in a sealed container, such as a pork or lamb bladder, over low heat | A technique where meat and vegetables are cooked in sealed containers over a very low heat. |
| En papillote | baked in a folded pouch | Baking food in a folded pouch |
| En vessie | sealed in the bladder of an animal, such as a pig, then cooked in a hot water bath | Cooking meat or vegetables in a bladder (of a pig, for example), similar to modern vacuum packed foods cooked in a water bath. |
| Flambé | infused with aromas and flavours of alcohol | The process of adding alcohol to a hot pan to create a burst of flames, infusing the food with additional aroma and flavour. |
| Fondue (unconfirmed) | sauce, the act of dipping food in a sauce | A dish of melted sauce (such as cheese, chocolate, or spiced oils) served in a communal pot over a stand heated with a candle or lamp. |
| Hibachi | cooking food over a coal-filled stove, grilled | Cooking food over a small charcoal-heated stove or an iron hot plate. |
| Purée | creamy or liquefied texture | A process of grinding, pressing, blending, sieving, or mashing foods into a creamy paste or thick liquid. |
| Robatayaki | skewered and slow grilled | Slow grilling skewered food over hot charcoal. |
| Rotisserie | roasted over a spit | The process of roasting skewered meat (often large joints of livestock or entire animals, like pigs or fowl) on a spit over an open fire, such as a fireplace or campfire, or inside an oven. |
| Sauté | cut up and cooked in hot oil | A quick method of cooking small pieces of food in hot oil so that the exterior browns without compromising the texture, moisture, or flavour. |
| Sous-vide | sealed in the bladder of an animal, such as a pig, then cooked in a hot water bath | Sealing food in airtight containers and cooking in a water bath. |
| Tataki | searing briefly, marinating in vinegar, seasoning with ginger | A way to prepare fish or other meat by searing briefly over either in a pan or over a flame and then marinating in vinegar and seasoning with ginger. The food is then sometimes served with soy sauce and garnishes like a sashimi. |
| Teriyaki | glazed with a grain and sugar sauce | Brushing meat with a sauce made of grain and sugar during the broiling or glazing process of cooking. |
Regional Flavours
A list of places in Achaea and the flavours created by their geographic and cultural environments.
| Geographic Area | Local Flavours and Plants | Creatures Native to the Area |
|---|---|---|
| Aalen | Earthy, nutty flavours; mushrooms grow here. | Basilisks, bears, butterflies, deer, fox, rabbits, squid, and squirrels. |
| Actar Valley | Olives, wild grasses. Biba's garden has corn and yellow-skinned melons. Ferns and shelf fungi grow along the riverbank. | Deer, goats, fish, and rabbits. |
| Aerinewild | TBA | Butterflies, chipmunks, deer, rabbits. |
| Ashtan | TBA | TBA |
| Aureliana | Acorns, maple. | Deer, hedgehogs, owls, rabbits, squirrels. |
| Bagwar's Copse | Elm. | Ithmian stoats. |
| Bitterfork | Grain and flour from the mill. Spring water from the stream. | N/A although bears from the nearby Dardanic Grasslands plague the village. |
| Black Forest | Black walnuts, purple mushrooms with yellow dots. | Bears, boars, fishers, jambaali, snakes, wolves. |
| Caer Witrin | Snow blocks, ice. | Snow leopards, spiders. |
| Cyrene | TBA | TBA |
| Delos | Carnival-inspired foods or foods lavish ingredients. | Mimes. |
| El'Jazira (Blighted, see Mhojave Desert.) | N/A | N/A |
| Eleusis | Forest-inspired, herbs (mint, parsley, basil, and garlic), garden vegetables (peppers, tomatoes, pumpkins, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, onions, leeks), fruits (oranges, elderberries, apples, cranberries, plums, raspberry, blackcurrant, blackberry). | Treekin, butterflies. |
| Enverren Marsh | Marsh grasses and mangrove leaves will have sour, salty flavours. | Ants, mosquitoes, rats, slugfish. |
| Genji | Mushrooms. | Manticores. |
| Great Rock | Mushrooms. | Cerberus (two-headed canines), electric slugs, stirges. |
| Hashan | TBA | TBA |
| Ithmia Forests | Eastern - Acorns, oaks, elms, maples.
Northern - Cherry, willow, beech, and poplar trees, mushrooms. Western - Acorns. |
Eastern - Badgers, chipmunks, deer, and wren.
Northern - Elk, lamassu, and tengu. Western - owls, golden lion tamarins, sparrows, squirrels, and tengu. |
| Jaru | Any flavours associated with seafood. | Pelicans, fish, seafood. |
| Lodi | Wholesome flavours associated with gardens and farmlands. | Bats, cave bats, geese, pigs, sheep, weasels. |
| Manara | Hickory roots, turnips, potatoes, carrots. | Earthworms. |
| Mhaldor | TBA | Leviathan, rats. |
| Mhojave Desert | Desert-inspired, curry, kawhe, prickly pear, cactus weed. | Camels, foxes, snakes, monitor lizards, hyenas, lizards, jarbo, unformed things of Chaos, scorpions. |
| Minia | Acorns. | Butterflies, firesprites, hellcats, squirrels. |
| Moghedu | Cinnabar, mould, lichen. | N/A |
| Mount Gheladan | TBA | Foxes, mountain goats, and rabbits. |
| Mysia | Tropical, seafood, and most other stereotypical island flavours. | Parrots and oysters. |
| New Hope | Tropical flavours, carambola, coconut, mango, and papaya, banana, orange, guava, date, and lychee. | Brittleback whale, crocodiles, dogs, turtles, oysters, panthers, sharks, horses, baboons, switchflies, and mountain hawks. |
| New Thera | N/A | Termites. |
| Petra | Wheat and corn in the farmlands. In the Ijellian Gardens - apples, plums, weedflowers, mushrooms, chilli peppers, and herbs. | Grasshoppers, Petran starlings. |
| Quartz Peak | Rocky, mountainous area with bear-like creatures. | Mungoberries. |
| Sea Lion Cove | Sea-inspired. | Black cormorant, crabs, sea turtles, sea lions. |
| Shastaan | Seaweed (on the beach near the shore). | Starfish, hermit crabs, and fish from nearby Eastern Shore. |
| Targossas | TBA | TBA |
| Tasur'ke | Flavours associated with seafood, kawhe, and kelp. | Oysters and sharks. |
| Thraasi Foothills | Sea-salt flavours. | Crabs, eagles, and mountain lions. |
| Tir Murann | Wild grasses. | Gours, moirahs, and xabats. |
| Tomacula | Root vegetables, corn, grasses, | Savannah cows, horses, cave bears, green and orange frogs. |
| Ulangi | Kelp, bubbling marshwater, mushrooms, and maple. | Oysters, moose, pheasants, deer, hummingbird, and upon closer inspection grasshoppers, crickets, and an array of small amphibians like frogs and salamanders. |
Food Ingredients and Types
Spices and Seasonings and Condiments, Oh My!
Types of spices, seasonings, and condiments to enhance the flavour of your recipes. In 713 Amarisse explained that mustard is fine. If you're unsure about similar condiments, like ketchup, ask on a letter and hand it to her in the Crafter's Union in Delos or describe the condiment, for example: tomato paste with spices.
| Real World Name | Achaean Equivalent | Extra Info and Examples |
| Jalapeño, habanero, and other varieties of spicy peppers | chilli pepper | Ijel from Petra grows these on his property, called the Ijellian Garden, in the western area of the village.
Examples: a skewer of stuffed chilli peppers; The spiciest peppers from the Ijellian garden add a sharp bite to the sauce; and Chilli peppers add spicy flavour to the dark red beans and stewed tomatoes. |
| mushrooms | mushrooms | When in doubt, research the origin of the real world name. Shiitake mushrooms get there name from two Japanese words. If you want to avoid having your recipe returned by the Crafter's Union then you might refer to them as sawtooth oak mushrooms, oakwood mushrooms, black mushrooms, or golden oak mushrooms, which are all perfectly legitimate alternatives. |
Bread Products
Types of bread and how to describe them in recipes.
| Real World Name | Recipe Type Suggestion | Description |
| Anpan | Roll | A roll filled with bean paste or a mix of beans, seeds, and chestnuts |
| Baguette | Loaf | An elongated loaf of bread with diagonal slits across the top crust |
| Boule | Loaf | A ball-shaped loaf of bread |
| Brioche | Roll or Pastry | A light, puffy sweet bread with a dark golden, flaky crust, it works as a pastry when cooked with chocolate chips or fruit |
| Challah or Cholla | Loaf | braided dough baked into a loaf of bread and sprinkled with sesame seeds |
| Ciabatta | Loaf or Roll | broad, elongated, somewhat flat loaf |
| Crêpe | Plate | Extremely thin cakes of bread rolled into tubes and stuffed with either sweet or savoury ingredients |
| Focaccia | Loaf | Round, flat loaf topped with herbs and possibly vegetables |
| Kipferl | Bagel | A crescent-shaped, bagel-like bread sprinkled with seeds and coarse salt, such as sea salt |
| Pancake | N/A | Not allowed per current Crafting Standards |
| Pizza | N/A | Not allowed per current Crafting Standards |
| Pita | Sandwich | A round flatbread with an inner pocket which can hold sandwich ingredients |
| Pretzel | Roll | A knot-shaped bread roll, either sweet or savoury |
| Texas toast | loaf or sandwich | An extra-thick slice from a loaf of bread |
| Tortilla | Wrap | Flatbread |
| Waffle | N/A | Not allowed per current Crafting Standards |
| Zwieback | Loaf | Crisp, sweet loaf of bread, often cut into brittle slices |
Cheeses
A list of modern cheeses and their Achaean equivalents. When in doubt, describe the flavour, colour, and texture associated with the cheese rather than relying on a name. For example, the Blue Feather Cafe in Arcadia sells a fruit and cheese platter, with the cheese described as "a mouth-watering collection of half a dozen different hues and textures, from a soft, creamy herbed cheese to a firm, aged white wedge."
- NOTE: The term "goat cheese" may encompass any sort of goat's cheese, but typically covers all varieties of the real world equivalent, chèvre. Goat's milk may also be used as an alternative milk source for other types of cheeses. Do adjust your recipe accordingly for such situations.
| Cheese Type | Achaean Equivalent | Description |
| Agios Isidoros | Actar goat cheese | A hard yellow cheese made from goat milk, spicy flavour, it works with pasta or as a table cheese, pairs well with most wines. |
| Asiago | Amalayan cheese or Shamtotan cheese | The cheese sold by Oinodes is described as: Pale and somewhat soft, this cheese is an off-white colour with a smooth texture. Its scent is mild, as is its taste, carrying only a hint of cheese flavour as if a bit dry. |
| Baby Swiss | goat kid cheese | A medium-hard cheese that displays small holes and a mild flavour. This cheese is made from whole milk from goats of the Sangre or Daoric Plains, while the lacy variety is made from low-fat milk of the same animals. |
| Blue cheese | blue-veined cheese | In Mhaldor the Worm_and_Grub sells lycopod salad topped with blue-veined cheese, described in the examined description as: chunks of a cheese marbled with blue veins. |
| Brie | creamy mountain goat cheese | A pale, soft-textured cheese with a slight gray tinge under a rind of white mold. Depending on production, it may retain a salty or smoky flavour and is sometimes soaked in kawhe and eaten for breakfast. Overripe, the cheese gives off the unpleasant scent of ammonia. |
| Buffalo cheese aka Mozzarella | Buffalo cheese | A semi-moist, semi-soft white cheese, typically from the milk of buffaloes of Sangre or Dardanic Plains, this cheese is frequently used with flatbread sandwiches and wraps, grilled sandwiches, and vegetable salads, or served alone with olive oil. |
| Caboc | creamy mountain goat cheese (More specifically, can be named for the region i.e. Piraeusian cream cheese or Gheladan cream cheese) | A type of primrose-yellow hued cream cheese with a high fat content and a smooth texture (slightly thicker and grainier than clotted cream). Comparable to mascarpone. Made from the milk of highland animals, such as the mountain goats of Mount Piraeus. |
| Camel milk (See also: Cheese curds) | Cheese curds | It is more difficult to create cheese from camel's milk than from the milk of any other animal. Therefore cheese from the milk of camels (such as the ones in El'Jazira) will almost always result in the form of cheese curds. Any animal able to produce milk, however, has the ability to make cheese curds. |
| Cheddar | a small wheel of Nimickian farmstead cheese | Borme uses this cheese in the recipes for the wares he sells, layering it with other ingredients, for example the plate of manaye, or grating it and sprinkling it atop a dish, such as in the potato bake. The cheese typically has a sharp, full flavour with pungent hints of earthy hazelnut. Its colour ranges from palest yellow to nearly orange and is the product of grass-fed cows. |
| Cheese curds (see also: Camel milk) | Cheese curds | Any animal able to produce milk has the ability to make cheese curds. However, as it is more difficult to create cheese from camel's milk than from the milk of any other animal, cheese from the milk of camels (such as the ones in El'Jazira) will almost always result in the form of cheese curds. |
| Chèvre | goat cheese (particularly from the goats in the Actar Valley, i.e. Actarian goat cheese) | A white cheese typically known for its salty and slightly sour flavours and often pungent smell. Soft and hard varieties exist, with hard varieties taking on a typical yellowish cheese hue due to the formation of rind. On cooking, the cheese becomes more soft and pliable, or may take on a slightly molten consistency, but not to the point of runniness like other cheeses do. |
| Colby | hard table cheese, Petran table cheese | Sold in the Horseshoe_Inn and described as: Yellow and hard, this chunk of cheese looks only semi-appetising. Its crumbly character indicates that it is probably a bit too dried-out for this type of cheese. When aged appropriately, however, this semi-hard, cow's milk cheese cheese is similar to cheddar but softer and moister resulting in a milder sweet and nutty flavour. It typically works better as a table cheese, sliced for sandwiches, grated for grilling, and as a standalone snack. It is sometimes mixed with other hard cheese to create a marbled blend of pale yellow and orange hard cheeses. |
| Colby Jack | a marbled blend of pale yellow and orange hard cheeses | This is a marbled blend of hard table cheeses created from the milk of Petran and Savannah farms. |
| Cottage cheese | creamy curd cheese | This high-protein cheese consists of either small or large curds and is created with the milk leftover from making butter. |
| Cream cheese | cream cheese | This is a soft, fresh cheese with a mild flavour and a very high fat content. It is comparable to Mascarpone in texture and taste and used in a wide range of both sweet and savoury recipes. |
| Farmer cheese | (Geographic area with livestock) farm cheese - i.e. Nimickan farm cheese, Savannah farm cheese, Chaghut farm cheese | A soft, white cheese made from the part-skim milk of cows, sheep, or goats providing a range of texture and flavour. Used to fill blintzed and pierogi, sliced thin for sandwiches or wrapped in slices of smoked meats, or on toasted bread. |
| Feta | a crumbly aged cheese | Created from the milk of sheep (or sheep and goats), a crumbly aged cheese is produced in blocks and has a slightly grainy texture. It is a traditional table cheese that also works well in recipes like salads, savoury pastries, omelettes, and grilled sandwiches. |
| Goat cheese i.e. Chèvre | Actarian goat cheese | A white cheese typically known for its salty and slightly sour flavours and often pungent smell. Soft and hard varieties exist, with hard varieties taking on a typical yellowish cheese hue due to the formation of rind. On cooking, the cheese becomes more soft and pliable, or may take on a slightly molten consistency, but not to the point of runniness like other cheeses do.
NOTE: May encompass any sort of goat's cheese, but typically all varieties of chèvre. Goat's milk may also be used as an alternative milk source for other types of cheeses, do adjust your recipe accordingly for such situations. |
| Goat cheese (Dwarven) | Ihnbirian goat cheese, Siroccian goat cheese, or any other variety of Dwarven goat cheese | Due to the cold and mountainous terrain of Inbhir Ness and the Siroccian mountains, hard varieties of goat cheese are more prevalent among dwarven communities. The salty and tart flavours of dwarven goat cheese are augmented by the presence of their rind which adds a hint of powdery nuttiness. |
| Goat cheese (Mountain) | Gheladan goat cheese, Piraseusian goat cheese, or any other variety of Mountain goat cheese | Mountain goat cheeses encompass a range of, medium-hard, yellow cheeses with flavours that are more savoury than sharp. They may retain a hint of nuttiness depending on their proximity to Dwarven communities. |
| Gouda | Eleusian goat cheese | The Eleusian_Inn sells a wheel of cheese described as:White, hard, and made from the milk of a goat, this small wheel of cheese has been made to last for long journeys, or to accompany many a meal. |
| Havarti | a soft and buttery cheese | A semi-soft, creamy yellow, cow's milk cheese that can be served sliced, grilled, or melted. The cheese has a sweet, buttery flavour when fresh and becomes more salty with hints of hazelnut when aged. Flavours might include: cranberry, garlic, caraway, dill, coconut, chives, and chilli pepper (such as from Ijel's garden). |
| Herve (See also: Limburger) | a pungent block of creamy cheese | This smooth, spreadable cheese has a creamy texture and an aroma not unlike the body odour of an unwashed troll. Despite its permeating smell, it |
| Jack | a block of white Petran cheese | A semi-hard, white cheese with a mild flavour made using cow's milk. NOTE: This works for any variety of the real-world equivalent "Jack" cheeses. |
| Jarlsberg | a wedge of dimpled yellow cheese | This all-purpose, yellow cheese works as both a snack and a cooking ingredient. Although the surface is covered in a random pattern of holes, the semi-firm, buttery cheese has a sweet, mildly nutty flavour. |
| Kasseri | Lodi sheep's cheese | The cheese Blaan gives to newbies who wish to enter the Black Warren is described as a ripe piece of sheep's cheese. Closer inspection reveals: Of exceptional quality and ripened so as to be tempting to even the most desensitised nose, this sliver of cheese is beginning to run. Cultured from sheep's milk from the northern valley of Lodi, the delicacy bears the palest yellow colouration, and the slightly glossy sheen of ripe quality. |
| Limburger (See also: Herve) | a pungent block of creamy cheese | This smooth, spreadable cheese has a creamy texture and an aroma not unlike the body odour of an unwashed troll. Despite its permeating smell, it |
| Marscapone | a milky-white cream cheese | Not a true cheese, but more like a thickened cream. It is richer than cream cheese with a fluffy, spreadable texture that makes it a go-to for desserts or sauces. The milky-white cheese is easy to spread and is an acceptable replacement for butter to thicken and enrich rice, pasta, or other dishes cooked in broth to a creamy consistency. |
| Monterey Jack | a block of Petran cheese, a block of mild white cheese | A semi-hard, white cheese with a mild flavour made using the milk of Petran cows. |
| Moose cheese | a hard block of moose cheese, blue-veined moose cheese, or crumbled moose cheese | Produced from moose found on Ulangi, moose cheese comes in three styles: hard, blue-veined, and crumbled. |
| Mozzarella | Buffalo cheese | A semi-moist, semi-soft white cheese, typically from the milk of buffaloes of Sangre or Dardanic Plains, this cheese is frequently used with flatbread sandwiches and wraps, grilled sandwiches, and vegetable salads, or served alone with olive oil. |
| Muenster cheese | a pale wedge of Savannah cheese | A pale, smoothly textured cheese made from cow's milk. The an orange rind, flavoured with annatto, gives the cheese a sweet and nutty taste. When aged it develops a stronger flavour and pungent aroma. It works well with an appetizer but also melts well, making it the perfect choice for sandwiches, pasta and cheese dishes, and in wraps. |
| Parmesan | a hard block of aged Piraeusan cheese, finely grated Piraeusan cheese, Piraeusan cheese sauce | A hard, aged white cheese frequently grated over dishes, such as pasta or salad, or stirred into soups and sauces, or roasted and eaten as a standalone snack, typically from the milk of mountain ewes of Mount_Piraeus |
| Pepper Jack | a wedge of peppered Petran cheese | A semi-hard, white cheese with a mild flavour made using cow's milk, made spicy with the addition of chilli peppers from Ijel's garden in Petra. |
| Pimento or Pimiento | spicy cheese relish | Often mistaken for cheese, this spicy cheese relish combines Nimickian farmstead cheese, paprika, several types of pepper from Ijel's garden in Petra, onions, garlic, and dill pickles. It slathers equally well on corn chips, sandwiches, and finger foods. |
| Pecorino | a wedge of hard sheep's cheese | This hard cheese is made with sheep's milk, and often contains an additional ingredient to lend an added flavour. This ingredient might include, but is not limited to, any of the following: black peppercorns, chilli pepper flakes, nuts, or truffle. The cheese itself may be an ingredient in savoury dishes, or sweetened with honey and nuts and used with fruit (such as pears) to finish a meal. |
| Port wine cheese | a wine and cheese spread | Not a true cheese, port wine cheese is a spread made from combining Nimickian farmstead cheese, tangy cream cheese, and sweet red wine. |
| Queso Blanco | a soft wedge of creamy white cheese | This creamy white cheese has a soft texture and is used in both savoury and sweet recipes. It is made either from cow's milk, or a combination of cow's and goat's milks. Popular uses for this cheese might include eaten as a snack, included with meat, lettuce, and chilli peppers in a wrap, crumbled over soup or salad, or used as an ingredient in cheesecake. |
| Rice cheese | N/A | Not a dairy product, made from rice/grain |
| Ricotta | Vashnari whey cheese | A kind of whey cheese, usually made from sheep's milk. Traditionally made as a by-product of boiling, it has a short lifespan and thus commonly used fresh. Being creamy pale white and soft with a faintly sweet flavour, its mildness makes it perfect for desserts or thickening sauces without being overwhelming. Aged varieties (through smoking or salting) do exist, but the flavours and consistency of the cheese are largely changed by the aging process. |
| Soy cheese | N/A | Not a dairy product, made from soybeans |
| Swiss | Daoric goat cheese | A yellow, medium-hard cheese which has a savoury, but not very sharp flavour. The goats responsible for its creation are from the Chaghut encampment which is located within the Daoric Plains. |
| Torta del Casar | Lodi sheep cheese | The cheese Blaan gives to newbies who wish to enter the Black Warren is described as a ripe piece of sheep's cheese. Closer inspection reveals: Of exceptional quality and ripened so as to be tempting to even the most desensitised nose, this sliver of cheese is beginning to run. Cultured from sheep's milk from the northern valley of Lodi, the delicacy bears the palest yellow colouration, and the slightly glossy sheen of ripe quality. |
Pastas and Noodles
A list of pasta and noodles and their Achaean equivalents.
| Pasta Type | Achaean Description |
| Angel hair | Long pasta |
| Cannelloni | Stuffable pasta tubes |
| Conchiglie or Conchiglioni | Pasta shaped like a conch shell |
| Farfalle | Bow tie pasta |
| Fettuccini | Ribbon pasta |
| Fiori | Flower-shaped pasta |
| Fusilli | Long, corkscrew-shaped pasta |
| Gemelli | Single strand of pasta folded into an "S" and twisted into a spiral |
| Gigli | Cone-shaped pasta (like a trumpet flower) |
| Gnocchi | Lobed shells (not the dumpling of the same name) |
| Lasagna | Wide, flat pasta with ruffled edges |
| Linguine | Long, narrow, flat pasta |
| Macaroni | Short, bent pasta tubes often referred to as "elbows" |
| Mafaldine | Long ribbon pasta with ruffled edges |
| Manicotti | Stuffable pasta tubes with a ridged texture |
| Pappardelle | Thick flat ribbon pasta |
| Penne | Medium-length pasta tubes with a ridged texture, cut diagonally on both ends |
| Ravioli | Square pasta stuffed with meat, cheese, vegetables, or any number of blended ingredients |
| Rigatoni | Medium-to-large pasta tubes with square-cut ends |
| Rotelle | Wheel-shaped pasta |
| Rotini | Mid-length, twisted pasta ribbons |
| Shells | Pasta shaped like conch shells |
| Spaghetti | Long, thin cylindrical pasta |
| Tortellini and Tortelloni | Ring-shaped pasta stuffed with cheese (cheese, meats, and vegetables) and folded to prevent the ingredients from escaping |
| Vermicelli | A thicker version of spaghetti |
| Ziti | Long, narrow tubular pasta |