Praying for salvation
Praying for salvation was the act of praying to Maya, the Great Mother, for safe delivery unto Her Halls after one had died. After making one's way through the Halls as a soul, one would, if the Creatrix deems your death untimely (and most adventurer deaths are), reawaken in the Cave of Maya where She would have re-crafted one's old body into one as good as new.
There are other means of returning to life. Of the various methods, historically praying for salvation costed the most experience in addition to that which was already lost through death itself, and was usually done when one has no other means are available.
After the fall of Bal'met and the final sacrifice of Maya, Thoth, the Endbringer took over responsibilities of judging souls. The modern equivalent to praying for salvation is embracing death.